Nivel de actividad física en adolescentes que cursan la enseñanza secundaria en un instituto de Lima

Fundamento: la falta de actividad física está ligada con altos niveles de comportamiento sedentario lo que constituye un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas tales como: el sobrepeso y la obesidad que en los adolescentes se han convertido en un problema de salud a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de actividad física de los alumnos de la enseñanza secundaria de un colegio público de Lima. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que se incluyeron alumnos de 12 a 17 años matriculados en el año escolar 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 470 alumnos de secundaria del colegio Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar de la Urbanización Palomino del Cercado de Lima. Se aplico el Inventario de Actividad Física Habitual para Adolescentes y el módulo de comportamientos alimentarios de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares. Se empleó el muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: el 52,3 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino, el rango de edad más frecuente fue el de 13 a 15 años con un 70,1 %. La mayoría presentó un estado nutricional normal (83,3 %). El nivel de actividad física habitual fue en su mayoría moderado de un 62 % seguido de bajo con un 19,5 % y alto con un 18,3 %. Conclusiones: el nivel de actividad física habitual total que presentan los estudiantes de esta institución educativa es de un nivel moderado, lo cual no cumple con los parámetros recomendados de actividad física para niños y adolescentes.

Foundation: the lack of physical activity is linked to high levels of sedentary behavior, which constitutes an important risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as: overweight and obesity, which in adolescents has become a health problem worldwide. Objective: determine the level of physical activity of secondary school students of a public school in Lima. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in which students between the ages of 12 and 17 enrolled in the 2019 school year were included. The population consisted of 470 high school students from the Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar school in the Palomino Urbanization of Cercado de Lima. The Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Adolescents and the eating behaviors module of the World Health Survey of Schoolchildren were applied. Simple random probabilistic sampling was used. Results: 52.3 % of the patients were male, the most frequent age range was 13 to 15 years with 70.1 %. Most presented a normal nutritional status (83.3 %). The level of habitual physical activity was mostly moderate with 62 % followed by low with 19.5 % and high with 18.3 %. Conclusions: the level of total habitual physical activity presented by the students of this educational institution is moderate, which does not meet the recommended parameters of physical activity for children and adolescents.

La intensidad de la captación intraprostática del PSMA como predictor de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo / The intensity of PSMA intraprostatic uptake as a predictor of clinically significant prostate cancer

Resumen Introducción: La tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con antígeno de membrana específico de próstata (PSMA) mejora la estadificación del cáncer de próstata. Además, la intensidad de captación intraprostática del PSMA puede predecir resultados oncológicos clínicamente relevantes. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la intensidad de captación de PSMA se asocia con el cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo y poder conocer qué valor de captación de PSMA discrimina mejor esta relación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte de 40 pacientes con cáncer de próstata comprobado por biopsia previo a la realización de radioterapia externa. Se evaluó correlación entre intensidad de captación del PSMA intraprostático y los resulta dos patológicos adversos en la biopsia prostática. Se estudió qué valor de captación de PSMA discrimina mejor el cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo utilizando curvas ROC. Resultados: El 40% de los pacientes tuvieron un cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo, el maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) tuvo una media de 11.5 (DE ± 7). La muestra arrojó un coeficiente de correlación Spearman de 0.4 (p = 0.007). El área bajo la curva (AUC) fue de 0.73, mostrando el punto de corte un SUV max ≥ 9.5, sensibilidad 0.81 y especificidad 0.71 en la detección de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. Conclusión: la intensidad de captación del PSMA intraprostático puede ser una nueva herramienta diagnóstica en la detección del cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. Una intensidad de captación ≥ 9.5 tuvo una buena correlación con el cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo.

Abstract Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) improves prostate cancer staging. Furthermore, the intensity of intraprostatic uptake of PSMA can predict clinically relevant oncologic outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the intensity of PSMA uptake is associated with clinically significant prostate cancer and to determine which value of PSMA uptake best dis criminates this relationship. Methods: A cohort study of 40 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer prior to external radiotherapy was conducted. The correlation between intraprostatic PSMA uptake intensity and adverse pathological findings in prostate biopsy was evaluated. Which PSMA uptake value better discriminates clinically significant prostate cancer was assessed using ROC curves. Results: Forty percent of the patients had a clinically significant prostate cancer and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) had a mean of 11.5 (SD ± 7). The sample showed a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.4 (p = 0.007). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 and a SUV max ≥ 9.5 showed a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.71 in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Conclusion: Intraprostatic PSMA uptake intensity can be a new diagnostic tool in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. An uptake intensity equal or greater than 9.5 is correlated with clinically significant prostate cancer.

Perfil epidemiológico de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud en un hospital de Querétaro / Epidemiological profile of infections associated with health care in a Hospital in Querétaro

Introducción: las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS) representan una problemática adicional a las condiciones clínicas que llevan a la persona a hospitalizarse ya que se incrementan las complicaciones. Objetivo: analizar el perfil epidemiológico de las IAAS de los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Hospital Dr. Ismael Vázquez Ortiz de Querétaro, México. Metodología: estudio transversal, que consideró 571 registros con IAAS del periodo 2015 a 2019. Se elaboró tabla de supervivencia a intervalos de 7 días, se comparó promedio de días de estancia intrahospitalaria a partir del resultado de Gram en el cultivo. Se empleó un modelo de regresión de Cox para control de factores de confusión. Resultados: la mediana de estancia intrahospitalaria en pacientes con IAAS fue 13 días siendo la infección más frecuente la de sitio quirúrgico. Los 3 principales patógenos encontrados fueron Escherichia coli (24.3%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (11.2%) y Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%). Conclusiones: los días de estancia intrahospitalaria y los principales patógenos causantes de IAAS son similares a lo reportado en la literatura internacional; existen diferencias por tipo de infección nosocomial aunque esto podría deberse a la mayor proporción de adultos mayores que son atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Ismael Vázquez Ortiz de Querétaro.

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent an additional problem to the clinical conditions that lead to hospitalization since complications are increased. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of HAIs in patients treated at the Dr. Ismael Vázquez Ortiz Hospital Clinic in Querétaro, Mexico. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, which considered 571 records with HAIs from 2015 to 2019. Survival table was elaborated at 7-day intervals, the average number of days of in-hospital stay was compared based on the Gram result in the culture. A Cox regression model was used to control for confounding factors. Results: The median in-hospital stay in patients with HAIs was 13 days, the most frequent infection being surgical site infection. The 3 main pathogens found were E scherichia coli (24.3%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (11.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%). Conclusions: In-hospital days of stay and the main pathogens causing HAIs are similar to those reported in the international literature; there are differences by type of nosocomial infection, although this could be due to the higher proportion of older adults treated at the Dr. Ismael Vázquez Ortiz Hospital in Querétaro.

Asociación entre depresión y deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores de un centro de atencion integral de Lima

RESUMEN Fundamento: la salud psíquica y cognitiva de los adultos mayores puede presentar cambios relacionados con el envejecimiento. Con frecuencia la depresión conlleva deterioro cognitivo, condiciones que deben identificarse para la detección oportuna y prevención de daños. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el nivel de depresión y deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores de un centro de atención integral de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico en adultos mayores de 60 años, asistentes a un centro de adultos mayores de Lima, entre enero y julio 2017. Se consideró como variable dependiente al deterioro cognitivo y las variables independientes fueron: la depresión y las características sociodemográficas. Se realizó estadística descriptiva basada en el cálculo de frecuencias, porcentajes, dispersión y medidas de tendencia central. Para encontrar la asociación entre las variables independientes y el deterioro cognitivo se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Los cálculos se realizaron con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 67,4± 7,4 años. El 20,7 % presentó depresión y el 31,0 % deterioro cognitivo. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que la edad de 70 años a más (p<0,001; OR=23,0 I.C. [6,68-79,15]), el nivel educativo no superior (p=0,015; OR=4,63 IC95 º% [1,25-17,16] y depresión (p=0,012; OR=3,82 I.C.95 % [1,3-11,24]) estuvieron asociados con el deterioro cogntivo. El análisis multivariado se encontró que solo la edad estuvo asociada a deterioro cognitivo (p<0,001; OR=24,93 IC95 % [6,04-97,74]). Conclusiones: una mayor edad, el bajo nivel educativo y la depresión estuvieron asociados al deterioro cognitivo, de estos factores, solo la edad de 70 años y más fue un factor independiente asociado al deterioro cognitivo.

ABSTRACT Background: the mental and cognitive health of older adults can present changes related to aging. Depression often leads to cognitive impairment, conditions that must be identified for timely detection and prevention of damage. Objective: to determine the association between the level of depression and cognitive impairment in older adults from a comprehensive care center in the city of Lima, Perú. Methods: a cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in adults over 60 years of age, attending a center for the elderly in Lima, between January and July 2017. Cognitive deterioration was considered the dependent variable and the independent variables were depression and characteristics. sociodemographic. Descriptive statistics were performed based on the calculation of frequencies, percentages, dispersion and measures of central tendency. To find the association between the independent variables and cognitive impairment, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. The calculations were made with a confidence level of 95 %. Results: the average age was 67.4±7.4 years. 20.7 % presented depression and 31.0 % cognitive impairment. In the bivariate analysis, it was found that the age of 70 years or more (p<0.001; OR=23.0 I.C. [6.68-79.15]), the educational level not superior (p=0.015; OR=4, 63 95% CI [1.25-17.16] and depression (p=0.012; OR=3.82 95% CI [1.3-11.24]) were associated with cognitive impairment. that only age was associated with cognitive impairment (p<0.001; OR=24.93 CI95 % [6.04-97.74]). Conclusions: older age, low educational level and depression were associated with cognitive impairment, of these factors, only age 70 years or older was an independent factor associated with cognitive impairment.

Parálisis periódica tirotóxica hipopotasémica. Presentación de un caso

RESUMEN La parálisis periódica tirotóxica hipopotasémica es una entidad poco frecuente, con mayor prevalencia en el género masculino, y en la población asiática; caracterizada por debilidad muscular, asociada a hipopotasemia, y como una complicación del hipertiroidismo, generalmente secundario a enfermedad de Graves. El tratamiento se basa en la reposición del déficit de potasio, vigilancia cardiovascular, y manejo de la enfermedad de base, con restauración del eutiroidismo. Se presenta un paciente de 38 años de edad, con varios antecedentes patológicos personales, quien acudió por asistencia médica a causa de un cuadro clínico de 48 horas de evolución de tetraparesia, sin otra sintomatología.

ABSTRACT Hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare entity, with a higher prevalence in males, and in the Asian population; characterized by muscle weakness, associated with hypokalaemia, and as a complication of hyperthyroidism, usually secondary to Graves' disease. Treatment is based on replacement of the potassium deficit, cardiovascular monitoring, and management of the underlying disease, with restoration of euthyroidism. A 38-years-old patient is presented, with several personal pathological antecedents, who came for medical assistance due to a 48-hour clinical picture of tetraparesis, with no other symptoms.

Factores mecánicos y químicos presentes en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados con flebitis

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores mecánicos y químicos presentes en pacientes oncológicos con flebitis, hospitalizados en un establecimiento público de alta complejidad, Lima-Perú; describir las técnicas invasivas más frecuentes practicadas en los procesos de hospitalización y las tendencias de los últimos 5 años. Material y Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, con una población total de 295.151 (del 2016-2020), de los que 298 pacientes oncológicos tuvieron flebitis, pero solo 282 contaron con registros completos valorados por las enfermeras oncólogas según Escala de Maddox que consta de 16 ítems que miden factores mecánicos y químicos. El instrumento fue validado por expertos obteniéndose una validez binomial de 0,7 y una confiabilidad KR20 de 0,8. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba binomial y Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Estos muestran la mayor incidencia en los grados de flebitis II, III y I. Respecto al factor mecánico, se evidencia que el material no estéril, el lugar de inserción del catéter en zona Cubital, Radial y Cefálica y el tiempo de permanencia menor de 72 h se presentan con mayor frecuencia. El factor químico está asociado al uso de antibióticos como Vancomicina y la combinación del Meropenem/ Vancomicina, al uso de agentes citostáticos vesicantes-no vesicantes, así también el analgésico Ketoprofeno seguido con la combinación del Ketoprofeno con Tramadol y al uso de la Ranitidina como protector antiulceroso. Conclusión: Tanto los factores mecánicos y químicos afectan la zona de punción. Enfermería debe continuar capacitando en acciones preventivas para reducir o mitigar las complicaciones en el ámbito asistencial, siendo necesario promover buenas prácticas en la administración terapéutica en este tipo de paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the mechanical and chemical factors present in oncological patients with phlebitis hospitalized in a high-complexity public facility, in Lima-Peru; describe the most frequent invasive techniques practiced in hospitalization processes and the trends of the last 5 years. Material and Method: Quantitative, observational, retrospective approach, with a total population of 295,151 (from 2016-2020), of which 298 cancer patients had phlebitis, but only 282 had complete records assessed by oncology nurses according to Maddox scale, which consists of 16 items containing mechanical and chemical factors. The instrument was validated by experts and had a binomial validity of 0.7 and a KR-20 reliability of 0.8. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, binomial test and Chi-square. Results: Show the highest incidence in degrees of phlebitis II, III and I. Regarding the mechanical factor, non-sterile material, the place of insertion of the catheter in the ulnar, radial and cephalic areas and the permanence time of less than 72 h occur more frequently. The chemical factor is associated with the use of antibiotics such as Vancomycin and the combination of Meropenem/Vancomycin, the use of vesicant and non-vesicant cytostatic agents, as well as the analgesic Ketoprofen followed by the combination of Ketoprofen and Tramadol and the use of Ranitidine and an antiulcer protector. Conclusions: Both mechanical and chemical factors affect the insertion site. Nurses should receive training in preventive actions to reduce or mitigate complications in the healthcare setting. It is also necessary to promote good practices in the therapeutic administration with this type of patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores mecânicos e químicos presentes em pacientes oncológicos com flebite internados em um serviço público de alta complexidade na cidade de Lima, Peru; descrever as técnicas invasivas mais frequentes praticadas nos processos de hospitalização e as tendências dos últimos 5 anos. Material e Método: Abordagem quantitativa, observacional e retrospectiva, com uma população total de 295.151 (de 2016 2020), dos quais 298 pacientes com câncer apresentaram flebite, mas apenas 282 tiveram registros completos avaliados por enfermeiras oncológicas segundo a escala de Maddox entre 2016-2020. O cadastro é composto por 16 itens que contêm fatores mecânicos e químicos. O instrumento foi validado por especialistas, obtendo validade binomial de 0,7 e confiabilidade KR-20 de 0,8. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste binomial e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Mostran a mayor incidência nos graus de flebite II, III e I. Em relação ao fator mecânico, fica evidente que o material não estéril, o local de inserção do cateter nas áreas ulnar, radial e cefálica e o tempo de permanencia inferior a 72 h ocorrem com mais freqüéncia. O fator químico está associado ao uso de antibióticos como a Vancomicina e a combinação de Meropenem/Vancomicina, ao uso de citostáticos vesicantes e não vesicantes, bem como ao analgésico Cetoprofeno seguido da combinação de Cetoprofeno com tramadol e uso de Ranitidina como protetor antiúlcera. Conclusão: Tanto fatores mecânicos como químicos afetam o local da inserção. O pessoal de enfermagem deve receber treinamento em ações preventivas para reduzir ou mitigar as complicações no ambiente de saúde, sendo necessário promover boas práticas de administração terapêutica com este tipo de paciente.

VI Brazilian consensus guidelines for detection of anti-cell autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells

Abstract Background: The VI Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies against HEp-2 cells for determination of autoantibodies against cellular constituents on HEp-2 cells was held on September, 2019, in Fortaleza (CE, Brazil). The guidelines in this edition were formulated by the group of Brazilian experts discussing the classification of complex patterns, the classification of the nuclear discrete dots (few and multiple), the identification of the discrete fine speckled pattern (AC-4a) and improvements on the ANA report. Mainbody: Sixteen Brazilian researchers and experts from universities and clinical laboratories representing the various geographical regions of Brazil participated in the meeting. Four main topics were discussed: (1) How to classify patterns with fluorescence in more than one cell compartment considering three relevant categoris: composite patterns, mixed patterns and multiple patterns; (2) The splitting of the discrete nuclear dots pattern into the multiple discrete nuclear dots (AC-6) and few discrete nuclear dots (AC-7) patterns, respectively; (3) Inclusion of a novel nuclear pattern characterized by discrete fine speckled pattern highly associated with antibodies to SS-A/Ro60, classified as AC-4a. In addition, adjustments on the Brazilian Consensus nomenclature were implemented aiming to harmonize the designation of some patterns with the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP). Furthermore, the designations of the PCNA-like pattern (AC-13), CENP-F-like pattern (AC-14) and Topo I-like pattern (AC-29) were adjusted in accordance to ICAP. Finally, there was a recommendation for adjustment in the test report in order to address the status of nuclear envelope staining. For all topics, the aim was to establish specific guidelines for laboratories and clinicians. All recommendations were based on consensus among participants. All recommendations from the V Consensus were maintained and there was relevant progress in the BCA/HEp-2 guidelines and further harmonization with ICAP. Conclusion: The VI BCA/HEp-2 edition was successful in establishing important recommendations regarding the classification of complex patterns, in supporting the identification of a novel pattern within the AC-4 group and in the harmonization process with the ICAP terminology.

Multirresistencia en Escherichia coliasociada a Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido en urocultivos obtenidos en pacientes de una provincia de la Amazonía Peruana / Multiresistance in Escherichia coli associated with Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases in urine cultures obtained in patients from a province of the Peruvian Amazon

Introducción: Los antibióticos betalactámicos son los más utilizados en el tratamiento de las infecciones urinarias en el Perú. La resistencia bacteriana se produce frecuentemente por la presencia de Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido (BLEE) en enterobacterias. Objetivo: Determinar la multirresistencia en E. coli asociada a betalactamasas de espectro extendido en urocultivos de adultos que residen en la provincia de Tambopata-Madre De Dios. El estudio: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, la detección y la confirmación de BLEE se realizó con la técnica de doble disco usando ceftazidima, cefotaxima, cefepime, aztreonam y amoxicilina más ácido clavulánico. La resistencia y susceptibilidad microbiana se identificó usando la técnica de disco de difusión. Hallazgos: Se aislaron 162 cepas de E. coli. Se identificaron cepas con resistencia a los antibióticos ampicilina (71%), trimetoprim sulfametoxazol (49%), ácido ciprofloxacino (37%), ácido nalidíxico (37%) y aztreonam (31%). Conclusión: Existe resistencia antimicrobiana mediada por cepas de E. coli productoras BLEE.

Background:Beta-lactamantibioticsarethemostusedinthe treatment of urinary infections in Peru. Bacterial resistance is frequently produced by the presence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacteriaceae. To determine the multi-resistance inObjective:E. coliassociated to extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urine cultures from adults residing in the province of Tambopata-Madre De Dios. The study:Non-experimental, descriptive study, detection and confirmation of ESBLwas performed with the double disc technique using ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime, aztreonam and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Microbial resistance and susceptibility was identified using the diffusion disk technique. 162 strains of E. coliwere isolated. Strains Findings:withresistancetotheantibioticsampicillin(71%),trimethoprine sulfamethoxazole (49%), ciprofloxacin acid (37%), nalidixic acid (37%) andaztreonam(31%)wereidentified.Thereis Conclusion:antimicrobial resistance mediated by ESBL-producing strains of E. coli.

Análisis de anomalías cromosómicas, desbalances genómicos y variantes de secuencia como causa de cardiopatías congénitas / Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities, genomic imbalances, and sequence variants as cause of congenital heart defects

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) son causadas por el desarrollo anómalo del corazón durante el período embriofetal. Abarcan un amplio espectro de anomalías estructurales de las cavidades cardíacas o de los grandes vasos, con una prevalencia mundial de 6 a 9 por 1000 nacimientos. En Argentina constituyen un tercio de las anomalías congénitas (AC) al nacimiento. Si bien su etiología es heterogénea, se ha observado recurrencia familiar acorde con la influencia de factores genéticos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la presencia de anomalías cromosómicas, desbalances genómicos o variantes de secuencias en una muestra de niños afectados con CC en Argentina. MÉTODOS: Se incluyó a 289 pacientes con CC de hasta 16 años. Se realizó un cariotipo para pacientes con otras AC y análisis por amplificación múltiple de sondas dependiente de ligación (MLPA) de regiones genómicas asociadas a CC para aquellos con CC conotroncales. En muestras seleccionadas, se analizaron desbalances genómicos por microarreglos de ADN (array-CGH) o variantes de secuencia en el gen NKX2-5. RESULTADOS: Hubo 9 pacientes que presentaron anomalías cromosómicas, 21 desbalances por MLPA y 8 por array-CGH. No se hallaron variantes patogénicas en NKX2-5 en los casos estudiados. DISCUSIÓN: Se halló la causa de la afección en el 13% de los casos analizados. El estudio de pacientes con CC aisladas o asociadas a otras AC no había sido abordado previamente en Argentina mediante este algoritmo

Comparative characterization of digestive proteases in redhead cichlid (Vieja melanurus) and twoband cichlid (Vieja bifasciata) (Percoidei: Cichlidae)

In the Southeast of Mexico, there are many native cichlids with commercial interest such as redhead cichlid (Vieja melanurus) and twoband cichlid (V. bifasciata), which have a great local demand and excellent meat quality. However, it is necessary to implement their culture based on nutrition studies and digestive biochemistry. This study's objective was to characterize these two cichlids' digestive proteases (pH, temperature, and inhibitors) through biochemistry techniques. Results showed that V. melanurus and V. bifasciata have a digestive capacity analogous to other omnivore fishes, where the optimal pH values of stomach proteases (4 and 2, respectively) and intestinal proteases (6 and 12, respectively), the optimal temperature of acid (35°C and 55°C, respectively) and alkaline proteases (45°C and 55°C, respectively) are quite similar. Both species presented high thermal and pH stabilities. Inhibition showed that V. melanurus is more sensitive to specific inhibitors for alkaline proteases than V. bifasciata. In conclusion, V. bisfasciata and V. melanurus have different digestive protease patterns. Both species can hydrolyze different protein ingredients to formulate a specific diet. Nevertheless, V. bifasciata is more resistant to the presence of inhibitors, which allow it to include vegetable proteins in its diet.(AU)

En el sureste de México, existen muchas especies de cíclidos nativos de interés comercial como el cíclido rojo (Vieja melanurus) y el cíclido de dos bandas (V. bifasciata), los cuales tienen una gran demanda local y tienen una excelente calidad de carne; sin embargo, es necesario implementar su cultivo con base en estudios de nutrición y bioquímica digestiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las proteasas digestivas (pH, temperatura e inhibidores) de estos dos cíclidos nativos mediante técnicas bioquímicas. Los resultados mostraron que V. melanurus y V. bifasciata tienen una capacidad digestiva similar a otros peces omnívoros, donde los valores óptimos de pH de proteasas estomacales (4 y 2, respectivamente) e intestinales (6 y 12, respectivamente), la temperatura óptima de proteasas ácidas (35°C y 55°C, respectivamente) y alcalinas (45°C y 55°C, respectivamente) son muy parecidas. Ambas especies presentaron alta estabilidad térmica y de pH. La inhibición mostró que V. melanurus es más sensible a inhibidores específicos de proteasas alcalinas que V. bifasciata. En conclusión, V. bisfasciata y V. melanurus tienen diferentes patrones de proteasas digestivas, pero ambas especies pueden hidrolizar diversos ingredientes proteicos para formular dietas específicas; sin embargo, V. bifasciata es más resistente a la presencia de inhibidores, lo que permitiría incluir proteínas vegetales en su dieta.(AU)

Asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis o litiasis vesicular / Association between hypercholesterolemia and cholesterolosis or vesicular lithiasis

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar si existe asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis o litiasis vesicular. Material y métodos: Estudio de serie de casos comparativo, retrospectivo, realizado entre enero del 2014 y diciembre del 2015, en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo-Perú. Formaron parte del estudio todos aquellos casos productos de colecistectomía que tuvieron un perfil lipídico. Se revisaron 1069 historias clínicas en las que se encontraron 143 casos que tenían perfil lipídico. Resultados: El rango de edad varió entre 17 y 95 años con una edad promedio de 50 años. De estos, 36 casos (25,2%) tenían colesterolosis. La relación varón:mujer fue 1:2,6 y una edad promedio de 44,5 años. Tuvieron colecistolitiasis 119 casos (83,2%), con una relación varón:mujer 1:3,1 y una edad promedio de 48 años. Hubo hipercolesterolemia (≥ 200mg/dl) en 51 casos (35,7%). En 29 (20,3%) casos se observó colesterolosis con colecistolitiasis y 7 (4,9%) pacientes tuvieron colesterolosis acalculosa. No se encontró asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis (p=0,284), ni con litiasis vesicular (p=0,169). Conclusiones: No existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre hipercolesterolemia con colesterolosis, ni con litiasis vesicular.

Summary Objective: To determine if an association hypercholesterolemia and cholesterolosis or gallbladder lithiasis does exist. Methods: AA case series study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2015 in Hospital Belén, Trujillo- Perú. Patients were those in whom a cholecystectomy had been performed (1069) and a lipid profile was available (143). Results: Age range was 17-95 years with a mean age of 50; 36 (25.2%) had cholesterolosis, male to female ratio was 1:2,6. Gallbladder lithiasis was found in 119 cases (83.2%), male to female ratio is 1:3.1 and a mean age of 48. Hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) was found in 51 cases (35.7%); 29 20.3% cholesterolosis with gallbladder lithiasis and 7 (4.9%) had acalculous cholesterolosis. No association was found between hypercholesterolemia and cholesterolosis (p=0.284) nor with gallbladder lithiasis (p=0.169). Conclusions: No significant association between hypercholesterolemia and cholesterolosis or gallbladder lithiasis was found.

Electric eels galore: microsatellite markers for population studies

Fourteen novel microsatellite loci are described and characterized in two species of electric eels, Electrophorus variiand E. voltaifrom floodplains and rivers of the Amazon rainforest. These loci are polymorphic, highly informative, and have the capacity to detect reliable levels of genetic diversity. Likewise, the high combined probability of paternity exclusion value and low combined probability of genetic identity value obtained demonstrate that the new set of loci displays suitability for paternity studies on electric eels. In addition, the cross-amplification of electric eel species implies that it may also be useful in the study of the closely related E. electricus, and to other Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) species as tested herein.(AU)

Catorze novos loci microsatélites são descritos e caracterizados em duas espécies de poraquês, Electrophorus varii e E. voltai de planícies alagadas e rios da floresta amazônica. Esses loci são polimórficos, altamente informativos e têm a capacidade de detectar níveis confiáveis de diversidade genética. Da mesma forma, o alto valor de exclusão de paternidade combinado com a baixa probabilidade de identidade genética demonstra que o novo conjunto de loci exibe adequação para estudos de paternidade em poraquês. Além disso, a amplificação cruzada de espécies de peixes elétricos implica que também pode ser útil no estudo da espécie intimamente relacionada E. electricus, e de outras espécies de peixes elétricos neotropicais (Gymnotiformes).(AU)

Are there differences between the loading of an anaerobic capacity test and an agility test in basketball players? / Há diferenças entre a carga de um teste de capacidade anaeróbica e um teste de agilidade em jogadores de basquete?

Abstract The objective of this article was to know players' needs in the selected tests, to search for differences between categories and to know if there is any relationship between different tests. The sample consists of 2 teams (u-14, u-16, n=24), which were equipped with a WimuR inertial device. The selected tests were 2 agility tests and a lactic anaerobic capacity test. Neuromuscular and kinematic variables were selected. Descriptive analysis, inferential analysis and analysis of correlation among variables were carried out. Once players' needs are described, there are no significant differences among kinematic variables depending on the sample category. Nonetheless, there is relationship between kinematic and neuromuscular variables of the different tests. It is frequently claimed that capacity tests are those that cause more fatigue in athletes. For this reason, an analysis was carried out comparing a lactic anaerobic capacity test with an agility test in its two versions. The obtained results can facilitate the work and the evaluation time of a physical condition test since results of athletes in a capacity test could be known by performing tests of lesser requirement. In addition, this would avoid players from experiencing a situation of maximum effort and possible injury, also saving training time.

Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho foi conhecer as demandas dos jogadores nos testes selecionados, buscar diferenças entre categorias e buscar conhecer se havia alguma diferença entre distintas provas. A amostra foi formada por duas equipes (sub-14, sub-16; n = 24) que foram monitorados com dispositivo de inércia WimuR. Selecionaram-se dois testes de agilidade e um teste de capacidade anaeróbica lática, e testes para variáveis neuromusculares e cinemáticas. Empregou-se a análise descritiva e inferencial. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as variáveis cinemáticas, dependendo da categoria da amostra, porém houve relação entre as variáveis cinemáticas e neuromusculares. Afirma-se frequentemente queos testes de capacidade são os que causam maior fadiga no atleta. Por esse motivo, foi realizada uma análise na qual um teste de capacidade anaeróbica lática foi comparado com um teste de agilidade em suas duas versões. Os resultados obtidos podem facilitar o trabalho e o tempo de avaliação do teste de aptidão física, pois, ao realizar testes de menor exigência, os resultados do atleta podem ser conhecidos em um teste de capacidade, evitando que ele enfrente uma situação de esforço máximo, uma possível lesão e economia tempo de treinamento .

Proposal of accuracy analysis of indoor tracking systems in basketball / Proposta de análise de precisão de sistemas de rastreamento interno em basquetebol

ABSTRACT The development of tracking technology caused a exponentially grow-up of research into this topic. The use of standardized methodologies is useful to contrast data of different studies. On the other hand, a low-cost reference system is needed. For this reason, the main aim of the present research is the description of a specific protocol to accuracy assessment of tracking location in indoor conditions in basketball. It can resume in three steps with detailed and easily procedures in the method section. The accuracy analysis method presented can report the centimeter of accuracy in each coordinate that the tracking system measure. A standardized protocol to evaluate the location on indoor conditions in basketball will provide to the sport science professionals a useful tool to analyze the accuracy and reliability of all tracking system, being the results can compare both within and between-court.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da tecnologia de rastreamento causou um crescimento exponencial das pesquisas sobre esse tópico. O uso de metodologias padronizadas é útil para contrastar dados de diferentes estudos. Por outro lado, é necessário um sistema de referência de baixo custo. Por este motivo, o principal objetivo da presente pesquisa é a descrição de um protocolo específico para avaliação da acurácia do rastreamento de localização em condições internas no basquete. Pode retomar em três etapas com procedimentos detalhados e fáceis na seção do método. O método de análise de precisão apresentado pode relatar o centímetro de precisão em cada coordenada medida pelo sistema de rastreamento. Um protocolo padronizado para avaliar a localização em condições internas no basquetebol fornecerá aos profissionais de ciências do esporte uma ferramenta útil para analisar a precisão e a confiabilidade de todo o sistema de rastreamento, sendo que os resultados podem ser comparados dentro e entre as quadras.

Analysis of sex-related differences in external load demands on beach handball / Análise das diferenças relacionadas ao sexo nas demandas de carga externa no handebol de praia

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze the sex-related differences in beach handball workload. A total sample of 105 handballers (male, n=50; female, n=55) belonging to six U'16 teams, seven U'18 teams and eight senior teams were monitored in the final round of 2018-2019 beach handball tournament celebrated during 3-days congested-fixture design. The external load variables Steps, Jumps, Player Load, Total Impacts (>2G) and Total Impacts per Intensities (very low, 2-4G; low, 4-6G; moderate, 6-8G; high, 8-10G; very high, >10G) through WIMUTM inertial devices. Statistical analysis was composed by t-test and Cohen's d for anthropometrical variables and by MANOVA and omega partial square for sex and categories related differences. Greater values in male handballers were found in height, weight and age in each categories (U'16: p<0.05; d=0.50-2.26; U'18: p<0.05; d=0.95-2.21; senior: p<0.05; d=1.01-1.99), except in age in U'18 (p=0.97; d=0.01). Respect to external workload, differences were found related to category (p<0.01; ωp²= 0.02-0.05, small) and sex (p<0.01; ωp²= 0.04-0.21, small to high), except in Steps (p=0.47; ωp²= 0.00), finding the greatest sex-related differences in U'16 category. From the differences found in anthropometrical characteristics and external workload, their evaluation during competition allows designing specific training sessions with the purpose of sports performance enhancement in beach handball.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as diferenças relacionadas ao sexo na carga de trabalho de handebol de praia. Uma amostra total de 105 jogadores de handebol (masculino, n = 50; feminino, n = 55) pertencentes a seis equipes sub-16, sete equipes sub-18 e oito equipes seniores foi monitorada na rodada final do torneio de handebol de praia 2018-2019 durante 3 dias de projeto. As variáveis ​​de carga externa Etapas, Saltos, Carga do jogador, Impactos totais (> 2G) e Impactos totais por intensidade (muito baixo, 2-4G; baixo, 4-6G; moderado, 6-8G; alto, 8-10G; muito alto,> 10G) foram mensurados por meio de dispositivos inerciais WIMUTM. A análise estatística foi composta pelo teste t, d de Cohen e MANOVA. Maiores valores nos handebolistas masculinos foram encontrados em estatura, massa corporal e idade em cada categoria (U'16: p <0,05; d = 0,50-2,26; U'18: p <0,05; d = 0,95-2,21; sénior: p <0,05 ; d = 1,01-1,99), exceto na idade nos U'18 (p = 0,97; d = 0,01). No que diz respeito à carga de trabalho externa, foram encontradas diferenças relacionadas à categoria (p <0,01; ωp² = 0,02-0,05, pequeno) e sexo (p <0,01; ωp² = 0,04-0,21, pequeno a alto), exceto nas etapas (p = 0,47; ωp² = 0,00), encontrando as maiores diferenças relacionadas ao sexo na categoria U'16. A partir das diferenças encontradas nas características antropométricas e na carga de trabalho externa, sua avaliação durante a competição permite projetar sessões de treinamento específicas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho esportivo no handebol de praia.

Experiencias de cuidado de padres y profesionales de enfermería en la Unidad de Cuidados intensivos neonatal / Care experiences of parents and nursing professionals in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objetivo Analizar de manera comprensiva la relación entre el cuidador informal y Profesional de enfermería en el acto de cuidado al Recién Nacido hospitalizado en la Unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Metodología Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico-hermenéutico, empleando el referente teórico de Van Manen, 5 cuidadores informales de recién nacidos hospitalizados en la Unidad de cuidados intensivos y 3 Profesionales de Enfermería en la ciudad de Neiva; información recolectada mediante entrevista en profundidad. Resultados Emergen los siguientes temas: el significado de cuidado en la relación cuidador-profesional de Enfermería; el cuidado: una forma de brindar y recibir apoyo y, la comunicación: trascendental para construir una relación del cuidado. Conclusiones La relación establecida entre cuidador informal- enfermera en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, se desarrolla en un ambiente desconocido para el cuidador, y propio del cuidado de enfermería, los cuidadores manifiestan la necesidad de sentirse cuidados, apoyados y escuchados; mediante una comunicación efectiva reciban información y educación continua, aspectos que contribuyen para que el profesional de Enfermería transforme la práctica de cuidado haciéndola más humana.

Objetive To comprehensively analyze the relationship between informal caregiver and nursing professional in the act of hospitalized newborn care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methodology Qualitative, phenomenological-hermeneutic study, using the theoretical reference of Van Manen, 5 informal caregivers of newborns hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and 3 Nursing Professionals in the city of Neiva; information collected through in-depth interviews. Results The following topics emerge: the meaning of care in the caregiver-nursing professional relationship; care: a way to provide and receive support; and, communication: transcendental to build a caring relationship. Conclusions The relationship established between informal caregiver-nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit, develops in an environment unknown to the caregiver, and typical of nursing care, caregivers express the need to feel cared for, supported and listened to; through effective communication, they receive continuous information and education, aspects that contribute to the nursing professional transforming the practice of care, making it more humane.

Influencia de la modificación de la lógica interna en las emociones percibidas en estudiantes adolescentes durante las sesiones de expresión corporal / Influência da modificação da lógica interna nas emoções percebidas em adolescentes escolares durante as sessões de expressão corporal / Influence of changes in internal logic on emotions perceived in school teenagers students during body expression sessions

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de la modificación de la lógica interna en las emociones percibidas durante las actividades de expresión corporal en alumnos de educación secundaria. Ochenta alumnos (edad: 13.01±0.98 años; sexo: chicos n=49, chicas n=31; curso escolar: 1º ESO n=28, 2º ESO n=30, 3º ESO n=22) participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Se realizaron dos sesiones compuestas por cinco actividades, separadas por una semana, donde se modificó la lógica interna entre sesiones. Se utilizó la Escala de Juegos y Emociones Deportivas (GES) modificada para el análisis de las emociones. Una modificación en la lógica interna influye directamente en las emociones negativas, manteniéndose altos los valores de emociones positivas. La satisfacción durante la práctica esta relacionada con la emoción de la alegría e inversamente relacionada con la emoción de la vergüenza. En conclusión, el trabajo y análisis de emociones es importante para alcanzar un mayor placer y satisfacción en los alumnos

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a influência da modificação da lógica interna nas emoções percebidas durante as atividades de expressão corporal em alunos do ensino médio. Oitenta estudantes (idade: 13,01±0,98 anos, sexo: meninos n=49, meninas n=31, ano escolar: 1ºESO n=28, 2ºESO n=30, 3ºESO n=22) participaram voluntariamente deste estudo. Duas sessões foram compostas por cinco atividades, separadas por uma semana, em que a lógica interna entre sessões foi modificada. Foi utilizada a Escala de Jogos e Emoções Esportivas (GES) modificada para a análise das emoções. Uma modificação na lógica interna influencia diretamente as emoções negativas, mantendo altos os valores das emoções positivas. A satisfação durante a prática está relacionada à emoção da alegria e inversamente relacionada à vergonha da emoção. Em conclusão, o trabalho e análise de emoções é importante para alcançar maior prazer e satisfação nos alunos

This study analyzed the influence of changes in internal logic on emotions perceived during body expression lessons with secondary education students. Participants were 80 volunteers (age: 13.01±0.98 years; sex: boys n=49, girls n=31; school year of mandatory secondary education: 1st n=28, 2nd n=30, 3rd n=22). Two sessions were performed, separated by 7 days, with five activities each. In each session, the internal logic of the activities was changed. The Games and Emotions Scale (GES) was used to analyze the perceived emotions. A change in internal logic directly influences negative emotions, keeping scores of positive emotions high. Satisfaction during practice is related to emotion of joy and inversely related to the emotion of shame. In conclusion, to work and analyze emotions perceived by the students is important to increase their enjoyment and satisfaction

Aspectos clínicos de la infección por influenza en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador, entre noviembre de 2017 y febrero 2018 / Clinical aspects of influenza infection at the Metropolitan Hospital of Quito, Ecuador, between November 2017 and February 2018

Introducción: la influenza es altamente contagiosa. Sus manifestaciones sintomáticas son variables; 10% presenta síntomas severos que pueden deberse a factores propios del huésped o a la cepa del virus. Objetivo: describir el perfil clínico del brote de influenza en un hospital privado de Quito-Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo observacional en pacientes con influenza atendidos en los Servicios de Emergencia y Hospitalización del Hospital Metropolitano de Quito. Resultados: se registraron 422 casos de influenza. El síntoma más frecuente fue la tos (83%). 69,1% recibió oseltamivir, 26,5% fue tratado con oseltamivir y antibioticoterapia. 203 pacientes fueron hospitalizados (48,1%), de ellos 46,8% fueron menores de 5 años, 60% requirió aporte de oxígeno, la complicación más frecuente fue la neumonía (38,9%), 9 ingresaron a cuidados intensivos y 4 fallecieron. Conclusión: la influenza causa altas tasas de morbilidad y graves complicaciones.

Abstract: Background: Influenza is highly contagious. It presents variable clinical manifestations. 10% presents severe symptoms that can be due to factors associated with the infected individual as well as the virus strain. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics of influenza outbreak in a private hospital in Quito-Ecuador. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with influenza who were admitted to Emergency and Hospitalization of Hospital Metropolitano of Quito. Results: 422 influenza cases were identified. The most frequent symptom was cough (83%). 69.1% was treated with oseltamivir and 26.5% with oseltamivir and antibiotics. 203 patients were hospitalized (48.1%), of which 46.8% were children less than 5 years of age. 60% required oxygen, the most frequent complication was pneumonia (38.9%). 9 patients were admitted to intensive care unit. 4 patients died. Conclusions: Influenza causes high morbidity rates and severe complications. Key words: influenza, complications, hospitalization

Caracterización del riesgo de ingreso de encefalopatía espongiforme bovina a El Salvador mediante la importación de especies rumiantes y sus productos durante el periodo 2005-2015 / Characterization of the risk of ingress of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to El Salvador through the importation of ruminant species and their products during the period 2005-2015

El Salvador ha enfrentado dificultades para dar continuidad al proceso de categorización respecto a la Encefalopatía Espongiforme Bovina (EEB) ante la OIE, debido en parte a la deficiencia en la recopilación y ordenamiento de la información relativa a las importaciones de productos, subproductos y animales en pie por lo que la estimación y caracterización del riesgo de introducción de la enfermedad es mucho más difícil de realizar. En el presente trabajo se categorizo el riesgo de ingreso de EEB por las importaciones de origen rumiante, para que El Salvador eventualmente obtenga el reconocimiento sanitario por parte de la OIE para poder comercializar sus bovinos, productos y subproductos, hacia países con la misma condición sanitaria, se realizó una investigación descriptiva observacional, de carácter retrospectiva del periodo de 2005-2015, longitudinal mediante una revisión documental de archivos de las importaciones de productos de origen animal del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. Se describen un total de 15 países que importaron productos de riesgo en el periodo de 11 años identificando que el país recibe mayor cantidad de productos del área de América Central, teniendo esto poco valor significativo en cuanto al riesgo ya que estos países históricamente no han reportado casos de esta enfermedad. Realizando un cruce de variables de acuerdo al estatus del país de origen se determinó un Riesgo Medio de Introducción de la enfermedad a El Salvador, sin embargo esto representa solamente una parte de la información necesaria para obtener una categorización de País, al mismo tiempo esta investigación contribuye a mejorar los mecanismos de obtención, recopilación y clasificación de la información para tener mayor disponibilidad de datos que favorezcan la vigilancia epidemiológica y la toma de decisiones en la aplicación de medidas sanitarias encaminadas a disminuir el riesgo de ingreso de la EEB

V Brazilian consensus guidelines for detection of anti-cell autoantibodies on hep-2 cells

Abstract Background: The V Brazilian Consensus for determination of autoantibodies against cellular constituents on HEp-2 cells, held in Brasilia (DF, Brazil) on August 27, 2016, discussed the harmonization between the Brazilian Consensus on ANA (BCA) guidelines and the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) recommendations (www.anapatterns.org). Initial guidelines were formulated by the group of Brazilian experts with the purpose of guiding and enabling Brazilian clinical laboratories to adopt recommendations and to provide a common standard for national and international consensuses. Mainbody: Twenty Brazilian researchers and experts from universities and clinical laboratories representing the various geographical regions of the country participated in the meeting. Three main topics were discussed, namely the harmonization between the BCA guidelines and latest recommendations of the ICAP initiative, the adjustment of the terminology and report on HEp-2 patterns, and a reassessment of quality assurance parameters. For the three topics, our aim was to establish specific guidelines. All recommendations were based on consensus among participants. There was concrete progress in the adjustment of the BCA guidelines to match the ICAP guidelines. To a certain extent, this derives from the fact that ICAP recommendations were largely based on the algorithm and recommendations of the IV Brazilian ANA Consensus, as consistently recognized in the ICAP publications and presentations. However, although there is great overlap between the two Consensuses, there are some point divergences. These specific items were individually and extensively discussed, and it was acknowledged that in several points ICAP improved recommendations previously issued by the Brazilian ANA Consensus and these changes were readily implemented. Regarding some specific topics, the BCA panel of experts felt that the previously issued recommendations remained relevant and possibly will require further discussion with ICAP. The term anti-cell antibodies was adopted as the recommended designation, recognizing that the assay addresses antibodies against antigens in the nucleus and in other cell compartments. However, the acronym ANA HEp-2 was maintained due to historical and regulatory reasons. It was also signalized that the latest trend in ICAP is to adopt the term Indirect Immunofluorescent Assay on HEp-2 cell substrate (HEp-2 IIFA). In addition, the quality assurance strategies previously presented were ratified and emphasized. Conclusion: The V BCA edition was successful in establishing an overall harmonization with the ICAP recommendations for interpretation of the HEp-2 IIFA test, pinpointing the perspectives in filling the remaining gaps between both initiatives.